This is the oldest synagogue to have survived in Poland. It was built in the15th century in the style of German and Bohemian Gothic synagogues. All the buildings together formed the religious-administrative centre of the Jewish community in Kazimierz.
The exhibition in the main prayer hall is dedicated to the synagogue and the most important holidays of the religious Jewish calendar, like Sabbath Day, Rosh Hashanah and the Day of Atonement, the Feast of Tabernacles, Hanukkah, Purim and Passover. In the synagogue the most important cult object is a scroll with the text of the Torah. In synagogues still used for religious service, the Torah Scrolls are kept in an Ark placed on the east wall.